Cardiology
A Chapter in Core Concepts of Pediatrics, 2nd Edition
Contents
Cardiology
Cardiology
Cardiac Cycle
The Cardiac Cycle
Phases of the Cardiac Cycle:
Heart Sounds and Murmurs
Heart Sounds and Murmurs
Heart Murmurs
Heart Murmurs
Systolic Murmur Grades based on the intensity of the murmur
Summary of Heart Murmers
Systolic
Diastolic
Continuous
Left to Right Shunts
Left to Right Shunts
Ventricular Septal Defects
Ventricular Septal Defects
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentations
Making the diagnosis
Natural History
Management
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Anatomy
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentations
Making the diagnosis
Natural history and management
Atrial Septal Defects (ASDs)
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentation
Making the diagnosis
Management
Atrioventricular Defect (AVSD)
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentations
Making the diagnosis
Management
Quick Checks
Obstructive Cardiac Lesions
Obstructive Cardiac Lesions
Arterial switch (PS)
Anatomy
Clinical presentations
Making the diagnosis
Management
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Anatomy
Clinical presentation
Making the diagnosis
Management
Coarctation of the Aorta
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentation
Making the diagnosis
Management
Quick Checks
Cyanotic Cardiac Lesions D-TGA
Cyanotic Cardiac Lesions
Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries (D-TGA)
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentation
Making the Diagnosis
Management
Cyanotic Cardiac Lesions L-TGA
Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (L-TGA)
Pathology
Making the diagnosis
Management
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus (TA)
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Making the Diagnosis
Management
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Anatomy (figure)
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Making the Diagnosis
Management
TOF with Pulmonary Atresia:
TOF with Absent Pulmonary Valve:
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Making the Diagnosis
Management
Cyanotic Cardiac Lesions TA
Tricuspid Atresia (TA)
Clinical presentation, EKG and, imaging
Management
Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum (PA-IVS)
Clinical presentation, EKG, imaging
Management
Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve (EA)
Clinical presentations, EKG, imaging
Management
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentations
Making the Diagnosis
Management
Surgical management of HLHS:
Cardiomyopathies & Myocarditis
Cardiomyopathies & Myocarditis
Cardiomyopathies
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Pathology
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentation
Making the diagnosis
Management
Constrictive Pericarditis
Constrictive Pericarditis
Clinical presentation:
Making the diagnosis:
Management:
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Clinical presentation:
Making the diagnosis:
Management:
Myocarditis
Clinical presentation
Making the diagnosis
Management
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Pathology
Clinical Presentation
Making the diagnosis
Management
Chest Pain
Chest Pain
Causes of chest pain in children
Evaluation of chest pain in children
Management
Pediatric EKG Interpretation
Pediatric EKG Interpretation
Before you read the EKG, look for:
Basic EKG interpretation
Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias
Bradyarrhythmias
Sinus bradycardia
Atrioventricular Block
First degree AV block
Second degree AV block
Third degree AV block
Tachyarrhythmias
Sinus tachycardia
Premature atrial complexes (PACs)
Atrial Flutter and Atrial Fibrillation
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Ventricular arrhythmias
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)
Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)
Pathophysiology
Clinical
Making the Diagnosis
Management
Quick Check
Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)
Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)
Pathogenesis
Clinical presentation
Making the Diagnosis
Classic KD is diagnosed by the following criteria:
Other clinical signs:
Management (Figure):
References
Infective Endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Microbiology
Clinical presentation
Making the diagnosis
Management
Antimicrobial prophylaxis: (2007 AHA guidelines)
References
Rheumatic Fever (ARF)
Rheumatic Fever (ARF)
Pathology
Clinical presentation
Making the diagnosis
Major Criteria:
Minor Criteria:
Management Principles:
General treatment of the acute episode:
Cardiac management:
Prevention
Quick Checks - Kawasaki Disease, Endocarditis, Rheumatic fever
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